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Genus Shorea

admin Plant Lists 16 December 201515 September 2022

A genus in the family Dipterocarpaceae.

Shorea acuminata
meranti rambai daun
Southern half of Malay peninsula, most abundant in hilly country about 330m. Drooping branchlets, large semi-persistent stipules, unequal sided leaves and purple-red flowers. Grey to reddish bole, rough irregular fissured bark. Although greatly reduced by forest conversion, this species is not currently at risk. A specimen planted in 1997 at Rimbun Dahan fruited sparsely in Sept 2009. Location in row 3 W of entrance to main house, near Ahmad’s white sculpture.

Images from August 2022:

Shorea acuminatissima Symington
seraya kuning runcing
Latin, accuminatassimus = prominently acuminate; the leaf apex. Borneo endemic. Vulnerable. Norsham 5.13. Located with other Sabah spp front area W of stream source.

Shorea assamica Dyer
subspecies globifera (Ridl.) Sym
meranti pipit (meranti pa’ang) group
From NW India through to Malaya, Sumatra, Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi, Maluku. Several geographical races are distinct botanical forms, that of Malaya and Sumatra is the form globifera. Common in north, not found in Selangor. Leaves oval elliptic, 7 x 3cm, 17 nerved.

Images from August 2022:

Shorea balanocarpoides Sym.
damar katup (meranti damar hitam)
N Sumatra, w Borneo, Malaya; from Kedah to Kinta; Kelantan & Terengganu. On undulating low land, endangered by logging, habitat conversion. Large oval 7 nerved leaves, heavy crowns, fruits wingless. Estimated height in 08/2022: 7 m

Shorea bentongensis
meranti mengkai (meranti pa’ang group)
Endemic sp. found in Ulu Gombak, Bentong, Rompin, NE & S Johor, on low land, deep valleys, endangered by habitat loss. Large trees with smooth bole like sepetir (Sindora spp.), leaves elliptic, c. 15 nerved, large fruit w/ short narrow wings, 3 outer 2 inner. Planted 6/07.2 new specimens June 2008, pictured below. One planted on path from Uda Manap to front, on left just beyond entrance to path, 2 more at N end of area with Ahmad’s white sculpture.

Images from August 2022:

Shorea blumutensis Foxw.
meranti kelim
Sumatra, Johor. Elliptic lanceolate, leathery leaves with revolute margins, and fulvous tomentose twigs and petioles. Up to 30m height, 2m girth. Critically endangered by logging. On right of laterite road to Uda Manap.Estimated height in 08/2022: 16 m

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Images from August 2022:

Shorea curtisii
seraya
Malaya, from Pattani to Singapore. common and characteristic species of hill dipterocarp forests. Light coloured crowns, lanceolate, glaucescent leaves (pale waxy bloom on upper leaf surface, lower surface pale yellow glaucescent). Large trees to 3m girth, record 7m. Dark red meranti.

Images from August 2022:

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Shorea curtisii subsp grandis
Seraya daun besar
Endemic form found only in Keledang Saiong and Bukit Kinta FRs, Perak, bw 200 and 500m. Deeply fissured bark, leaves resemble seraya, but much larger. Fr Tunas Harapan ’12.

Shorea dasyphylla
meranti batu (red meranti group)
Malaya, eastern Sumatra, Sarawak. Favours low but well drained forest, now (critically?) endangered by land conversion & logging. Leaves ovate lanceolate to elliptic oblong, 11 x 6 cm, variable, 13 nerved, softly tomentose under. Planted 6/07 to NW of Rumah Balai.

Images from 2022:

Shorea faguetiana
damar siput(meranti damar hitam group)
Borneo, Malaya. Widely distributed, large tree. Leaves curl up on ground, ovate-lanceolate, 8 x 3 cm, 10 nerved, glabrous, petiole 12 mm, young expanding leaves dark red.

Images from September 2022:

Shorea foxworthyi
balau bukit
Endemic species, throughout the peninsula except south of Ulu Selangor on west coast, on undulating land up to 2,000 feet.

Shorea gibbosa
damar hitam gajah
Malaya, SE Sumatra, Borneo. Malaya only in central & s Johor, Singapore. Pale silvery brown striated dried twigs and larger fruits distinguish it from S. faguetiana, v similar. Larger than damar hitam (S. multiflora). 1 from TH 11/09.

Abundant in Sabah where it is known as seraya kuning gajah. Latin, gibbosus = pouched; the stamina filament. SE Sumatra, Malaya, Singapore, Borneo. Widespread in Sabah. Vast emergent to 70m, 2m diam bole. Variable sp. Norsham 5.13

Images from 2022

Shorea gratissima Dyer
meranti laut
Peninsula, w Sumatra, Borneo, Singapore. Bukit Jugra.
Sm ovate-lanceloate smooth leaf. Girth >3m, short buttresses. 1cm flowers, short stalked fruit, small nut ovate-oblong with short sharp point, 3 outer, 2 inner wings.

Images from 2022:

Shorea guiso
membatu (balau group)
From China to Malaya, Sumatra, Philippines, Borneo. Endangered. Small, thin 16 nerved leaves, 9 x 4 cm. Leaves larger on saplings than on mature trees. Planted 6/07.

selangan batu merah fr Filipino name. Cochin China, Thailand, Sumatra, Malaya, Borneo, Philippines. Common in weakly seasonal tropics. Large emergent to 60m, 1.6m diam. Norsham 5.13.

[Images below not available in larger size]

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Shorea hemsleyana
chengal pasir daun besar
Malay peninsula and Sarawak, especially in swampy land on lower Perak. Common in Ijok and Parit. Timber worked in Parit sawmill, but not plentiful

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Shorea henryana
meranti jerit (scream)
From south lower Burma, S Laos and Vietnam, and SE peninsular Thailand to Perlis, north Kedah and Langkawi. Yellow crown, ovate lanceolate leaves glaucous or pink under, rusty pink twigs. Timber hardest, heaviest, most difficult to saw. 2 planted 8/08.

Images from 2022:

Shorea hopeifolia
damar siput jantan
Borneo, Sumatra, Malay peninsula, but not Selangor; near streams. Large winged fruit, 3 outer wings (5cm x 1 cm), 2 inner wings (3cm x .5cm), all red when mature.

Shorea hypochra
meranti temak
(meranti pa’ang group)
Cambodia, S. China, Thailand, Riau, Lingga, Malaya. Usually in low swampy forest. Endangered. Large oval to elliptic-oblong leathery leaves. Planted 6/07.

Estimated height in 08/2022: 4 m

Images from 2022

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Shorea kuantanensis ??

Images from 2022

Shorea kudatensis Wood ex Meijer

seraya kuning

Of Kudat, Sabah. Endemic in NE Sabah. Large emergent to 45m, 1.9m diam, low rounded buttresses. Endangered. Norsham 5.13.

Images from 2022

Shorea kunstleri
damar laut merah
A species of the peninsula, northern Sumatra and Borneo. Best known in the Kinta district of Perak where it is gregarious on ridges. The main diagnostic features are the closely fissured bark and frequent exudations of yellow-crusted dammar.

Shorea laevis Ridl.
kumus
Burma, Thailand, N Sumatra, Borneo, Malaya. Common on inland ridges, often with S. curtisii Probably largest trees in balau group. Fresh leaves bright yellow midrib.HSBG Tawau, Sabah, fr Tunas Harapan ’12.

Images from 2022:

Shorea lamellata Foxw.
meranti lapis
Riau, Borneo, Malaya.
S Perak, now critically endangered. Oblong hairly leaves with c 24 prs prominent main nerves. Often >3m girth, short stout buttresses. TH 6.2012

Images from 2022:

Shorea lepidota
meranti langgong
Sumatra and Malaya, except Perlis, Kelantan, Selangor, usually on low land. Deeply fissured bark (mature), thin oblong glabrescent leaves, & saplings with persistent falcate stipules and downy twigs.

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Shorea leprosula Miq
meranti tembaga
red meranti group of Shorea
Throughout the Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo. Used to be common on well drained lowland soils and the most abundant form of meranti; now much reduced but still common in protected areas, regenerates vigorously. 11 planted inside front fence in 1989, now (Jan 08) the largest has a CBH of 158 cm, 62″. Yellowish brown crown. Leaves elliptical, short blunt acuminate; about 15 nerved, yellow tomentose on lower surface. Twigs hairy. 1 new specimen June 2008, pictured below.

Images from 2022:

Shorea longisperma
meranti damar hitam (meranti damar hitam group)
E. Sumatra, Borneo, Malaya (mainly S). In undulating & low forest, up to 300m. Rare scattered tree; once locally common in parts of Selangor, now critically endangered. V. large trees, fallen leaves curled up, reddish brown on upper, pale and hairy on lower. 13 nerved, petiole 12mm coarsely stellate hairy. Planted 6/07.

Images from 2022

Shorea lumutensis Sym.
balau putih
Endemic, only from coastal hills in Dindings, Perak. Critically endangered. fissured bark, glaucous, leathery, elliptic-oblong leaves.

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Images from 2022

Shorea macrantha Brandis
kepong hantu, cengal/meranti pasir
Sumatra, Sarawak, Malaya (lower Sg Perak, E Pahang & Johor). Swampy areas, critically endangered by land conversion. Drooping branchlets; unequal sided leaves, tomentose; large wingless fruits. New specimen June 2008 pictured below.

Images from 2022:

Shorea macroptera
melantai (red meranti group)
Malaya, Sumatra, west Borneo. In low lying well drained forest, to 900m. Frequently assoc with seraya (S. curtisii). Leaves obovate oblong, 13 x 5 cm, variable, frequently folded along midrib, 15 nerved, drying dull yellow brown. Planted 6/07.

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Shorea materialis
balau pasir
Endemic species limited to east coasts of Pahang, Johor and possibly Trengganu. Name refers to sandy habitat on river banks. Broad ovate, glaucous, leathery leaves, prefers low flat land, but largely logged from accessible areas.

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Shorea maxima
meranti sengkawang putih
(meranti damar hitam group)
Endemic Perak, S Pahang, & Kelantan. Once common in T. Malim on low hills. Endangered but conserved in parks. Dense crown w/twisted branches, large flowers, large wingless fruits. Small girth, rarely 2m. Leaves oblong lanceolate, 16 x 6cm, 9 nerved. Planted 6/07.

Images from 2022:

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Shorea maxwelliana
damar laut daun kecil
Essentially Malaya, sometimes in Borneo. Prefers well drained positions to 700m, more common on low ridges. Small elliptic/ovate-lanceolate leaves, faintly nerved and usually glaucous under.

Shorea mecistopteryx
kawang burung (Sabah), engkabang burung (Sarawak)

Borneo endemic. Large emergent tree, vulnerable due to land conversion. Leaves chartaceous, brittle when dry, blade oblong up to 30 x 12 cm.

Images from 2022:

Shorea multiflora
damar hitam
Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo. Often on ridges in association with seraya (S. curtisii) & kumus (S. leavis). Small leaves dry light, golden brown under; small wingless fruits. Understorey tree.

Shorea ochrophloia
seraya batu (balau group)
Endemic, all states of Malaya, sporadically on low well drained land & hills up to 300m. Once common, now critically endangered. Yellow grey bole, large trees, girth up to 3m, short buttresses, crown large, heavy, dark coloured. Leaves ovate to elliptic-ovate, 7 x 5cm, 15 nerved. Planted 6/07.

Images from 2022:

Shorea ovalis
kepong
Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo. A common meranti in lowland forest, favouring lowland and stream side. Boat shaped scabrid leaves, hairy twigs, semi-persistent triangular stipules. One of the largest and tallest trees, often >4m girth (2m in 45 yrs?), sharp buttresses. Light red meranti timber.

Shorea ovata
meranti sarang punai bukit
Malaya, w Sumatra, Borneo, Mindanao. Rarely found outside preferred habitat 600-1300m asl. Oblong hairy stipules to 13mm. Slow growth cf other dark red merantis. 1 from TH 11/09.

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Shorea parvifolia
meranti sarang punai
Widely distributed, up to 800m, but generally most at 500m. Frequently the most abundant species of Shorea present in any forest. Semi persistent triangular stipules.

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Shorea pauciflora
nemesu
Malaya, Sumatra, N. Borneo. Low but well drained habitat, up to 700m. Common in Ijok FR, Perak. Scaly bole, purplish brown dried leaves, inconspicuous tertiary nerves. [NB 2022: specimen cannot be located.]

Shorea peltata Sym.
meranti telepok
E Sumatra, W and central Borneo, NE Johor in Jemaluang FR. Low land, critically endangered in Malaya. Peltate leaves, telepok for similarity to lotus leaf. 1 fr Tunas Harapan ’12.

Shorea platycarpa
meranti paya
red meranti group
Malaya, E. Sumatra. Edges of swamp forests from coastal Perak & Trengganu to Singapore. Locally abundant in Parit. Endangered. Coarsely fissured bark, dark coloured crown, & broad scabrid or tomentose leaves. Elliptic, 17 nerved.

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Shorea platyclados
meranti bukit, karai
Mountainous areas of Malaya, Sumatra and Borneo in upper dipterocapr forest zone, higher than any other Shorea. Rich stands at the Gap, Fraser’s Hill. Flattened branchlets, smooth lanceolate leaves with sharply keeled midrib. Up to 5.5m girth, buttresses stout, bark falling in flat scales. Much logged, endangered.

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Shorea resinosa
meranti belang
(meranti pa’ang group)
Sumatra, Malaya, W Sarawak. Wide range but rare, on undulating hills blw 500m. Critically endangered by habitat loss. Elliptic lanceolate smooth leaf 10 x 4 cm with 13 nerves prominently yellow against darker under surface of dried leaf. Large trees, over 3m girth, no buttresses. Planted 6/07.
2 new specimens June 2008, pictured to the right.

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Shorea roxburghii
temak
meranti pa’ang group of Shorea
From India (deciduous) to Malaya, very adaptable, north of the Malaya-Burma floristic division. Characteristic of Schima-bamboo forest in Perlis and Kedah. Thick bark, oblong thin, long petioled leaves. Tolerates drought and fire. Likely to expand its range with increasing dryness in remaining forests. It flowers and fruits when just a few years old. Formerly S. talura.

Images from 2022:

Shorea scrobiculata
balau sengkawang
A species of the northern peninsula and Borneo. Small leafed with open crown. Leaves similar to Shorea sumatrana, seng-kawang.

Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slootenselangan
batu terendak

Borneo and Philippines. Locally common along rivers. Large emergent to 45m.

Images from September 2022:

Shorea singkawang
meranti sengkawang
(red meranti group)
Malaya, Lingga, E. Sumatra. In lowland forest from Kedah & Kelantan to Johor. Usually on well drained land up to 400m. Not common. Large purple brown dead leaves, elliptic 20 x 8cm, 13 nerved; large fruits almost wingless. Planted 6/07.

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Shorea singkawang var. scabrosa
meranti sengkawang (red meranti)
Malaya, Lingga, e Sumatra. This sub sp (13 nerved leaf) only in E Terengganu & Pahang, rare, critically endangered. Large purple dead leaves (elliptic oblong 20cm). [NB 2022: this specimen possibly lost.]

Shorea smithiana
meranti rembau (Sarawak), preferred name
seraya timbau (Sabah)
Borneo endemic, widespread, occurs in Lambir and Mulu National Parks, but vulnerable due to land conversion.

Images from 2022:

Shorea sumatrana
sengkawang (balau group)
Sumatra, Malay peninsula, generally on the east coast. Frequently in lowlying swampy habitats along the banks of rivers. Critically endangered by population fragmentation and habitat destruction. Twigs glabrous, leaves elliptic-oblong with about 10 pairs of nerves sharply prominent on undersurface. Fruits have reduced wings, adapted for water dispersal. This was one of the first Dipterocarps planted at Rimbun Dahan in 1990, and the single specimen has a girth of 90 cm (2008). The revised edition of Symington notes a much slower growth rate, to 60 cm in 19 years. This specimen was felled by a freak gust of wind, 12 Nov 2009. Seedlings propagated from it will be planted at Rimbun Dahan.

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Shorea superba
selangan batu daun halus
Borneo endemic, vast emergent tree, scattered in mixed Dipterocarp forests, represented in National Parks, but endangered due to land conversions.

Shorea symingtonii Wood.C.F. Symington (1905-1943) master of the dipterocarps.

melapi kuning

Endemic to Borneo, confined to eastern Sabah, scattered in dipterocarp forest on clay rich soils.. Large emergent tree to 50m.

Images from 2022:

Shorea sp. (balau) Seed from Johor. Undescribed species.

Shorea sp. (at old foundations)

Shorea waltonii
seraya kelabu
Borneo endemic; occurring in Sepilok Forest Reserve, but elsewhere endangered by forest clearance.

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Genus Parashorea

admin Plant Lists 16 December 201510 September 2022

A genus in the family Dipterocarpaceae.

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Parashorea densiflora
meranti pasir
Endemic to southern half of peninsula. Scattered in undulating or hilly forests up to 450m. Now endangered, perhaps critically, by land conversion. Small hairly leaves, and globose fruits with reflexed calyx lobes. Med to lg trees, up to 4m girth; crown heavy dark coloured.

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Parashorea malaanonan
urat mata daun licin
Borneo white seraya, not found in Malaya.TH 6.2012. (Tagalog, mala=false, anonang=the custard apple) Borneo, Philippines. Widespread in Sabah. To 60m, 2m diam, dense dome shaped crown. Vulnerable, cut for timber. Norsham 5.13.

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Parashorea stellata
gerutu-gerutu
Occurs in evergreen forests of northern peninsula, Thailand, Burma, Cambodia and Vietnam. It was common in peninsula virgin forests, but not in secondary forests, it is however conserved in Thai national parks.

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Parashorea tomentella Symington
Meijerurat mata beludu
Latin, tomentellus = with small stuffing (eg a pillow): the indumentum. Emergent to 65m, 2m diam. Borneo endemic. Vulnerable.Norsham 5.13, all 3 planted in Sabah area, to NNW.

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Genus Hopea

admin Plant Lists 16 December 201515 September 2022

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A genus in the family Dipterocarpaceae.

Hopea auriculata Foxw.
merawan
Rare endemic fr Panti, Johor & G. Tapis, Pahang. Lanceolate few nerved leaf w/ almost invisible tertiary venation, and auriculate fruit, 2 winged, 7×1.5cm. Small trees, smooth bark. 3 planted NW of large clump of nibong palms on stream.

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Hopea beccariana Burck

merawan batu

Borneo, E Sumatra, Malaya. Throughout peninsula, esp coastal hills of Penang and Dindings. Small populations surviving at Muka Head, Penang. Hard fissured bark and broad, long petioled leaves, to 3m girth. Resembles H latifolia, but H latifolia does not have regularly deep-fissured bark. These trees too young to differentiate. 3 planted on north fence of tennis court, now with many seedlings.

Hopea bilitonensis Ashton
no recorded local name
Banka, Bilitung, once on Perak limestone. Long, narrow, equal-based leaves w/remotely tertiary scalariform nerves. Winged ovate fruits, 1 cm w/short point, sepals narrowly winged at base, 2 longer and 3 shorter than nut. 2 planted E & SE of Rumah Balai.

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Hopea coriacea Burck

Borneo and east coast of peninsula from s Kelantan to s Pahang. Rare, possibly extinct in peninsula. Large ovate, leathery glabrous leaf w invisible nervules, and the pointed fruits with 2 long wings and 3 papery lobes. 3 planted on N fence to Lg Belimbing uphill from Rumah Balai.

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Hopea dryobalanoides
mata kuching hitam
Sumatra, Borneo, Malaya (Kedah, Perak, Sel, NS, Pahang). Endangered. Thin elliptic to oblong lanceolate dryobalanoid leaves. Small trees, adventitious aerial roots; tear-like stalactitic exudations of pale damar. Two planted on back fence early 90s, one more 6/07, W of nibong clump in stream valley.

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Hopea ferrea Lanessan
malut, cengal batu
Indochina, Thailand, NW Malaya, this from Langkawi. Near or on rocky hills; now endangered. Shaggy bole, small leafed crown that is red in new leaf. Fr Tunas Harapan 6.2012, in front lawn, north of upper pond.

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Hopea ferruginea Parjis
mata kucing merah, merawan jangkung
Malaya, Sumatra, Riau, Borneo; Melaka, NS, Johor, on low undulating land. Habitat loss now endangered. Buttresses sharp, stilt roots, bark cracked w/clear dammar. In front lawn, N of upper pond.

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Hopea glaucescens
merawan kelabu
Endemic to the peninsula, occuring in Kedah, Perak, Pahang and Johor. Five trees were planted at RD in the early ’90s where it has flowered but not fruited to our knowledge.

Hopea helferi
lintah bukit
From NW of peninsula into Thailand, Cambodia and Burma. Common in Langkawi, but severely depleted where accessible. Large, oblong, silver backed leaves distinctive. Now critically endangered through its range.

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Hopea kerangasensis
merawan kerangas
Generally a species of Borneo but discovered in Pahang and Trengganu. Found close to the coast in leached humic yellow soils; now endangered due to habitat conversion.

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Hopea mengarawan
merawan penak, pengarawan jangkang
Sumatra, Malaya, Borneo. East coast & south
peninsula. On low, often swampy land. Often stilt-rooted, jangkang. Endangered, habitat loss, small
stipules, reversing curve before falling. Large
leathery, many veined leaves; fruits 2 winged.
1 fr TH 11.09

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Hopea nervosa
merawan jangkang
Borneo & Malaya. Endangered by habitat loss, all states. Smooth barked Hopea up to 2.5m girth. Large oblong leaves w prominent main nerves; large fruits, 2 winged to 10cm; jangkangprominent stilt roots. 1 fr TH 11.09.

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Hopea nutans
giam
Trengganu, Pahang, Johor, sometimes in gregarious and rich stands. Timber very hard heavy and durable, hence greatly depleted.

Hopea odorata
chengal pasir
Indo-China, Burma, Siam, Andaman Is. and north Malaya. Rarely far from streams. Identified by pore-like domatia in leaf axils. Flower petals pale yellow, fruits 2 winged; nut ovate conical. Timber: merawan, commercial in Burma & Siam. Planted along entrance road to main house.

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Hopea pierrei HANCE
merawan palung (trough, ref sunken rib)
S Indochina, Thailand, Pasoh FR, Ulu GombakFR, now endangered by conversion and logging. This fr Gombak. Small ovate-acuminate many nerved leaf with midrib depressed on upper surface. Fr Tunas Harapan 6.2012, in front lawn, E of upper pond.

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Hopea polyalthioides
giam rambai (Ulu Gombak)
Rare endemic, only in well drained forest in one valley in Panti FR Johor; maybe extinct, but this fr Ulu Gombak. Large, long-oblong leaves arranged in distichous sprays and velvety young twigs. Fr Tunas Harapan 6.2012, N of upper pond close to stream crossing.

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Hopea pubescens
merawan bunga
Endemic to Kelantan and Pahang on flat drained land & low hills. Fissured bark, pubescent twigs and small leaves (sparsely hairy on midrib that is sunk on upper surface). Fruit 2 wings only 2cm long, v. small nut. Planted in ’95 (?) in Jambu plot, S of Ahmad’s red sculpture.

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Hopea sangal
mersiput
Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, islands of Sunda shelf. Typically near rivers. In extreme north its place is taken by closely related and very similar H. odorata (cengal pasir). Vulnerable because of lowland habitat. Planted 6/07, S of laterite road to back.

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Hopea subalata
merawan kancing
Endemic to Kancing FR Selangor. Thin oval ovate, caudate-acuminate subdyrobalanoid leaves and almost wingless fruits. Small smooth barked Hopea to 1m girth, buttresses stilted, w/ adventitious stilt roots, bole straight but not tall. SE of Bulatan Plong, beside path to Uda Manap.

Hopea sp.
Planted June 2012, from Maxwell Hill, Bukit Larut. S of east studio.

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Genus Dryobalanops

admin Uncategorized 16 December 20157 September 2022

A genus in the family Dipterocarpaceae.

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Dryobalanops aromatica
kapor
Sumatra, Rhiau, Borneo. In Malaya confined to northern east coast, except for small important area near Rawang. Distinguished by aromatic crushed leaf, wood resistant to fungal attack.

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Dryobalanops lanceloata

kapur paji

Latin, lanceolatus = shaped like the head of a spear (the leaf blade). Emergent tree to 80m. Endemic in Borneo. Saplings shade tolerant, but given a light gap grow very fast. Norsham 5.13. D. lanceloata on left, specimen on right seems to be D. keithii, with very large leaves and different tree architecture.

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Dryobalanops oblongifolia Dyer
keladan
Malaya, e Sumatra, w & centr Borneo, seasonally flooded forest, but absent in deep peat. Used to build boats. Vulnerable due to habitat loss. Large canopy trees, bark closely studded w/small lenticels, heavy wingless fruits. Seed c 2.5 cm enclosed at base by 5-lobed calyx tube.2 new speciments June 2008, pictured below right.

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Genus Dipterocarpus

admin Plant Lists 16 December 20159 September 2022

A genus in the family Dipterocarpaceae.

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Information about these species has been sourced from the following:

Foresters’ Manual of Dipterocarps, by C. F. Symington, Malayan Forest Records No. 16, revised in 2004 and published by the Malaysian Nature Society.

Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Vol. Five, edited by E. Soepadmo. L.G. Saw and R.C.K. Chung; published by the Gvt. of Malaysia

Dipterocarpus alatus

Dipterocarpus alatus was naturally distributed in central and southern Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, the Philipines, and Myanmar; recently it has been found on Pulau Payar, Kedah. It is recorded as a Vulnerable species in Peninsula Malaysia. Its resin is used medicinally.

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Dipterocarpus baudii
keruing bulu

Indo China, Burma, Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra. In every state, but rare, used to be comparatively abundant in Sungai Buloh. Rapid early growth, girth of 3′ in 20 years. Prefers low lying but well drained forest. 2 located E of northern end of stream valley, one on back fence in line with back of Uda Manap.

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Dipterocarpus caudiferus Merr.
keruing putih

Latin, cauda = tail, ferre = to bear (the narrow acumen of leaf apex). Immense emergent tree to 65m, columnar bole and buttresses to 3.5m. Endemic Borneo, not in S & SW. Norsham 5.13.

Dipterocarpus chartaceus
keruing kertas
From Thailand to Johor, but rare, generally in low coastal locations. Crisp papery dead leaf. Twigs are terminated by buds protected by sheathing stipules that fall to reveal a young folded leaf and another expanding bud beneath.

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Dipterocarpus cornutus
keruing gombang
Malaya & Borneo.
Rare over large areas, but common in parts of Perak, Ulu Selangor, K. Pilah, w. Pahang and w. Johor. Conspicuous crown of large light coloured leaves. Twigs and buds covered with velvety tomentum. Leaves oblong, 20 x 12 cm, with c. 20 prs nerves, ridges between.

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Dipterocarpus costulatus
keruing kipas
All states Malaya, Sumatra, N. Borneo. On low lying flood prone land, & on hills. Endangered. Leathery, glabrous, ridged leaf acute at the base. Grey bole, bark studded with lenticles, stipules to 16 cm, tomentose, pastel pink. Planted 6/07.

Images from August 2022:

Dipterocarpus crinitus Dyer
keruing mempalas
Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo; these from Labis FR, Johor. Prefers low drained land, now vulnerable, small population at Pasoh. Small harshly hairy oval leaf. Stipules up to 5 x 2.5 cm, boat shaped, smooth or w/deciduous hairs, pink when fresh. Viable fruits rare, excessively insect predated. 2 in front on N side, under Durians.

Images from August 2022:

Dipterocarpus dyeri
Keruing etoi

A large species with coarse twigs and large many nerved leaves with slender petioles. In the peninsula it is restricted to Perlis and northern Kedah where is was tapped for oil, and is now Critically Endangered in the wild.

Images from 2022:

Dipterocarpus elongatus
keruing latek
Malaya, NE Sumatra, N Borneo. Usually in low lying forest, near swamps or on flood prone land, critically endangered by land conversion. Large many nerved leaves, & large wingless fruits. 3 planted NW of upper pond, indistinguishable from D cornutus planted later. 1 D. elongatus well established W of service driveway near original red store.

Images from August 2022:

Dipterocarpus eurhyncus Miq.
keruing baran
Sumatra, Borneo, S Philippines, Malaya in east coast south of KT, was common Arong FR Johor, now critically endangered. Small ridged leaf. From Tunas Harapan 6.2012.

Images from 2022:

Dipterocarpus gracilis
keruing kesat
Chittagong, Andamans, Vietnam, Malaya, Java, Sumatra, Philippines. Endangered. Grey bole w/reddish patches where scales have fallen; finely lenticillated bark. Leaves 15 x 8 cm, 14 -18 nerved. Planted 6/07.

Images from August 2022:

Dipterocarpus grandiflorus
keruing belimbing
From Andamans to Philippines; widespread in Malaya. Name from calyx tube like belimbing. Bole light yellow, scaly, with smooth lenticellate portions. Stipules v. large before falling, 18 x 5 cm, purple pink when fresh. Fruits among the largest of the genus. Young leaves of saplings dark purple. Planted 6/07, S of path to Uda Manap near Bulatan Plong.

Images from 2022:

Dipterocarpus humeratus Slooten
keruing kerukup

Latin humeris = shoulder; the articulated petiole. Sumatra & Borneo. In mixed Dipterocarp foests on well drained clay soils. Emergent tree to 50m with 2m buttresses. Norsham 5.13. 3 located E of upper end of stream valley.

Dipterocarpus kerrii King
keruing gondol
Andaman Islands, Burma, Thailand, Malaya, east Sumatra, Philippines. Widely distibuted, tends to be gregarious, but absent from large areas particularly on the east coast. Rather small shiny, few nerved long petioed leaves, stipules silky on inside. Large globose fruits. Norsham 5.13; 5 planted north of chicken coop.

Images from August 2022:

Dipterocarpus kunstleri
keruing gombang merah
Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines. Lowlands, now endangered. Twigs w/broad stipular collars, large glabrous leaves. Young boles marked w/horizontal furrows, older yellowish bark studded w/diffuse, medium lenticels. Linear stipules. Leaves broad ovate or elliptic, 22 x 15 cm, 15 nerved, petioles 5-7 cm, black, glabrous. Planted 6/07.

Estimated height in 08/2022: 23 m

Dipterocarpus oblongifolius Bl.
keruing neram
Borneo, Malaya, along rivers above tidal zone, strictly riparian. Rare in west, but in Bubu FR Perak. Secure in Taman Negara, but threatened elsewhere. Thick fissured bark, sub-ovate velvety leaves. Fr Tunas Harapan 6.2012, located NNW of upper pond.

Images from August 2022:

Dipterocarpus rigidus

Keruing cogan

Dipterocarpus rigidus is found in the Malay Peninsula, the Riau and Lingga archipelagos, Borneo and the Anamba Islands. It is known askeruing cogan. It occurs only in the east of the peninsula, on coastal hills of Terengganu, Pahang and Johor. It is now endangered by logging and land conversion.

Images from August 2022:

Dipterocarpus sarawakensis Sloot
keruing layang
Sarawak, Brunei, south Borneo, & near Kemaman River, Terengganu. On low leached sandy soils. Extinct in Malaya? Small obovate obtuse leaf, wavy margin towards apex, short petiole, dense coarse indumentum. Fr Tunas Harapan 6.2012. One located in open path to W of Bulatan Plong, the latter from TH in front near grove of Shorea sumatrana.

Previous images:

Images from 2022:

Dipterocarpus sublamellatus Foxw.
keruing kerut
Sumatra, N Borneo, Malaya. Most abundant on undulating land s of Temerloh, scattered on west coast. Small ridged leaves, sub-lamellate fruits. Fr Tunas Harapan 6.2012. Also 3 trees north of Dance studio, originally identified as D. dyeri, fruited in 2014, and seem to be D. sublamellatus.

Images from August 2022:

Dipterocarpus tempehes

Keruing asam

Dipterocarpus tempehes is endemic to Borneo where it is known as keruing asam in Sabah, and keruing tempayan in Sarawak. A low emergent tree to about 40m tall, with buttresses up to 2m. It is classified as Vulnerable, and possibly endangered by forest conversion.

Images from 2022:

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Bridie Gillman

admin Hotel Penaga, Resident Artist 3 August 201529 January 2018Australia, Painter, visual art

Bridie Gillman’s practice is grounded in her experiences of living in Indonesia when she was younger and further experience of being ‘in-between’ places and cultures since. Her work explores ways in which experiences of awkwardness and the ‘unknown’ can be translated through found materials, installation and photography.

Gillman is an emerging artist based in Brisbane, Australia and completed her Bachelor of Fine Art with Honours at Queensland College of Art in 2013. Since graduating she has conducted a residency in Indonesia and exhibited nationally and internationally.

She was in residency at Hotel Penaga from August to October 2015, where she researched the transient space of hotels, tourism and souvenirs in our increasingly globalised and transnational world. Her residency culminated in an exhibition titled Round Island Tour, held at Run Amok Gallery in Georgetown. For more information on her work, visit her website.

Left: Sprite at night 2015, Batik painting. Right: Local Lingo 2015, Set of 6 digitally printed postcards, edition of 100.

Southeast Asian Choreolab 2015

admin Dance, SEA Choreolab 6 June 20159 December 2025Choreographer, Contemporary dance

From 30 May to 7 June 2015, Rimbun Dahan hosted the Southeast Asian Choreolab 2015, a meeting of 15 emerging contemporary dance choreographers from Southeast Asia.

This was the second edition of the Southeast Asian Choreolab, which brings together emerging contemporary dance choreographers from Southeast asia. The participants in 2015 are from Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines. They worked under facilitator Arco Renz, a German choreographer based in Brussels.

Each of the participants had the opportunity to run their own group session during the Choreolab, sharing their particular movement style or choreographic method. Arco led the group in integrating this material into choreographic and analytical exercises. ‘Zeitguest’ speakers about topics not related to dance also addressed the group, providing impetus information about ‘real world’ topics: regional security, economics and marine biogeography.

The group went on a field trip to Kuala Selangor, a tour of Klang Valley arts institutions Temple of Fine Arts, ASWARA, DPAC and klpac, and watched performances by Dua Space, Pierre Rigal Compagnie and Wild Rice.

On the final day of the Choreolab, the participants of the Southeast Asian Choreolab 2015 shared snippets of their studio exercises during the event with a small audience.

The Southeast Asian Choreolab 2015 is supported by Goethe-Institut Malaysia, and hosted by Rimbun Dahan. It is a joint project between MyDance Alliance and World Dance Alliance Asia-Pacific.

See more images from the 2015 SEA Choreolab here.

About the Participants

The participants of the 2015 SEA Choreolab were:

“Ong” Nitipat Pholchai (Thailand)
Sonoko Prow (Thailand)
Faillul Adam (Malaysia)
Tan Bee Hung (Malaysia)
Japhet Mari M. Cabling (Philippines)
Lygie Carillo (Philippines)
Al Bernard Garcia (Philippines)
Siko Setyananto (Indonesia)
Darlane Litaay (Indonesia)
Fadilla Oziana (Indonesia)
Chy Ratana (Cambodia)
“Kaka” Ounla Phaoudom (Laos)
“Buddha” Thanh Nguyen Duy (Vietnam)
Eng Kai Er (Singapore)
Foo Yun Ying (Singapore)

About the Facilitator

Arco Renz productions with Kobalt Works reveal an intense physicality and explore the emotional force of abstraction.

In his creations, he consistently broadens the principles of Abstract Dramaturgy to light, sound and multimedia interfaces; and his choreographies go beyond pure, formal dance, displaying “a graceful expressionism that can be situated somewhere between the German expressionist films of the 1920s and traditional Eastern dance and theatre forms.”

During 2014 and 2015, Kobalt Works|Arco Renz is engaged in collaborative performance projects of very different nature in Indonesia (KRIS IS), Vietnam (Hanoi Stardust), the Philippines (COKE), and Singapore (ALPHA).

Among over 20 evening length choreographies, other major Kobalt Works’ productions include .states. (2001), Mirth (2002), heroïne (2004), Bullitt (2006), i!2 (2008), PA (2009), 1001 (2010), CRACK (2011), solid.states (2012), or Discografie (2013).

In addition, Arco Renz has regularly created commissioned works for the Brussels Opera House, the Festival d’Art Lyrique d’Aix en Provence, the Brussels Philharmonic Orchestra, the Norvegian National Company of Contemporary Dance, among others. In the field of opera he has extensively worked with Robert Wilson, Luc Bondy and on several occasions with Anne Teresa de Keersmaeker.

A central focus within Arco’s specific choreographic idiom is the comparative study of various Asian and European performance traditions. He has developed Monsoon, a series of transcultural and multidisciplinary research and
exchange programs with editions in Asia, Europe and coming up in 2015 in Australia. Arco Renz studied dance, theatre, and literature in Berlin and Paris and was one of the first generation of graduates of P.A.R.T.S., the dance school founded by Anne Teresa De Keermaekers in Brussels.

Omar Musa

admin Hotel Penaga, Resident Artist 2 June 201529 January 2018Australia, Malaysia, Poet, Writer

Omar bin Musa (b. 1984) is an award-winning author, poet and rapper from Queanbeyan, New South Wales, Australia. He won the Australian Poetry Slam in 2008 and the Indian Ocean Poetry Slam in 2009. He has released two solo hip hop records (The Massive EP and World Goes to Pieces), two self-published books (The Clocks and Parang) and a self-titled album with international hip hop group MoneyKat. His debut novel Here Come The Dogs was published in 2014. Here Come the Dogs received praise from novelists Irvine Welsh and Christos Tsiolkas, was long-listed for the Miles Franklin Award and Musa was named one of the Sydney Morning Herald’s Young Novelists of the Year in 2015.

Omar is the son of Australian arts journalist Helen Musa and Malaysian poet Musa bin Masran. He studied at the Australian National University and the University of California, Santa Cruz.

Omar has combined hip hop music and poetry throughout his career. He was runner up in the 2008 Australian Poetry Slam, before winning in 2009 at the Sydney Opera House. He went on to win the Indian Ocean Poetry Slam in 2010. In 2010 he also did support for Gil Scott-Heron in Munich, Germany. In 2011 he was a guest panellist on ABC’s Q&A. In 2013 he received a standing ovation at TEDxSydney at the Sydney Opera House.

He has been a guest at numerous international writers festivals, including Jaipur Literary Festival in India and the Ubud Readers and Writers Festival in Indonesia, as well as touring extensively in Asia, Europe and Australia. He has collaborated with numerous musicians and hip hop artists, including Akala, Soweto Kinch, Impossible Odds, The Last Kinection, Hau Latukefu from Koolism, Candice Monique, The Tongue, Lotek, Koolta and Geoff Stanfield.

He did a split residency in Hotel Penaga and Rimbun Dahan from June to August 2015.

Snake Tales

admin Nature Notes 6 March 20152 May 2017dogs, snakes

Rimbun Dahan can be paradise for snakes… or the last thing a snake ever sees. This month, one lucky python was hauled out of the hen house and taken away to a new home, but things didn’t turn out so well for a cobra which strayed near the main house.

Our dog Santan with the large Monocled Cobra he attacked and eviscerated near the main house.

A large python which has eaten a chicken is levered out of its hiding spot in the hen house.

The traumatised python regurgitates a much more traumatised chicken.

Ular bungkus! The python subdued and ready to be relocated to its new home.

Chendor Resort Building Update

admin Chendor 6 March 20156 March 2015

The construction of the new resort hotel at Sungai Chendor is underway, with staff quarters and one guest chalet already finished, and another guest chalet and landscaping walls currently being built.

Like the existing Hotel Penaga in George Town, Penang, the new resort at Sungai Chendor, set on the beach north of Cherating, Pahang, will support the cultural program at Rimbun Dahan. The contemporary resort buildings are of course being designed by our resident architect, Hijjas Kasturi, in sympathy with the existing flora and fauna on site.